Environment: Land, Air and Water
1. National Mission for Clean Ganga
The Act envisages five-tier structures at the national, state and district levels to take measures for prevention, control and reduction of environmental pollution in river Ganga and ensure an adequate continuous flow of water to rejuvenate the river Ganga.
Key Points:
The main pillars of the programme are:
2. Jal Jeevan Mission
Jal Jeevan Mission is envisioned to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024 to all households in rural India. The programme will also implement source sustainability measures as mandatory elements, such as recharge and reuse through greywater management, water conservation, rainwater harvesting. The Jal Jeevan Mission will be based on a community approach to water and include extensive Information, Education, and information as a vital component. JJM looks to create a Jan andolan for water, thereby making it everyone’s priority.
3. National Clean Air Program (NCAP)
The Central Government launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) as a long-term, time-bound, national-level strategy to tackle the air pollution problem across the country in a comprehensive manner with targets to achieve 20% to 30% reduction in Particulate Matter concentrations by 2024, keeping 2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration. Under NCAP, 122 non-attainment cities have been identified across the country based on the Air Quality data from 2014-2018.
Key Points:
4. Swachh Bharat Mission
To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put the focus on sanitation, the Prime Minister of India had launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October 2014. Under the mission, all villages, Gram Panchayats, Districts, States, and Union Territories in India declared themselves "open-defecation free" (ODF) by 2 October 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing over 100 million toilets in rural India. To ensure that the open defecation free behaviours are sustained, no one is left behind, and that solid and liquid waste management facilities are accessible, the Mission is moving towards the next Phase II of SBMG, i.e. ODF-Plus. ODF Plus activities under Phase II of Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) will reinforce ODF behaviours and focus on providing interventions for the safe management of solid and liquid waste in villages. In Rural India, this would mean improving the levels of cleanliness through Solid and Liquid Waste Management activities and making villages Open Defecation Free (ODF), clean and sanitised. Some Initiatives take under the SBM.
1. Swachh Iconic Places (SIP)
Through its Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission, the Government of India has proposed a multi-stakeholder Initiative focusing on cleaning up 100 places across the country that are “iconic” due to their history, heritage and religious and/or religious cultural significance with high visitor’s footfall.
The objective is to achieve a distinctly higher level of sanitation/ cleanliness at these places, especially on the peripheries and in approach areas. Given the scale of the task, its success lies in the active collaboration of central, state and local stakeholders at all government and private sector levels. To this end, the Initiative is being coordinated by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Jal Shakti Mantralay, in close coordination with partner ministries – Housing and Urban Development, Tourism and Culture – and state and state municipal corporations and the selected sites’ trusts and committees. The World Bank has provided support in making action plans by the selected Iconic Sites.
2. Namami Gange
Namami Gange is the umbrella programme coordinated by the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD &GR), Jal Shakti Mantralay that involves multiple Ministries. Under Namami Gange, the assigned responsibilities of the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS), MoJS are:
To prioritise initiatives in establishing Open Defecation Free (ODF) gram panchayats along the banks of River Ganga in convergence with the efforts of DoWR, RD & GR.
To the extent, possible it may take up the programme in rural areas for solid and liquid waste management in the development of model villages/Ganga grams in convergence with DoWR, RD and GR.
The 4,465 villages have declared ODF in 1,662 Gram Panchayats in 52
districts of five states, namely, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Jharkhand, and West Bengal, along the 2,510 Km long River on 12th August 2017
at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Post ODF, activities related to SLWM, tree
plantation and convergence based wholesome development are being taken up.
3. Swachh Swasth Sarvatra (SSS)
A Joint initiative between the Department of Drinking Water and sanitation, M/o Jal Shakti and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).
Objective :
4. Gobardhan
Gobardhan was launched to ensure cleanliness in villages by converting bio-waste, including cattle waste, kitchen leftovers, crop residue and market waste, to improve the lives of villagers. This will provide economic and resource benefits to farmers and households.
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation is working with concerned Departments/ Ministries/ State Governments, public and private sector institutions and village communities to give this a shape of ‘Janandolan’ so that collective community action on Gobardhan is achieved.
Gobardhan will benefit rural people in general and women in particular from clean fuel, improved cleanliness in villages, and improved health. This initiative will support biodegradable waste recovery and conversion of waste into resources, reduction of GHG emission, reduction in import of crude oil, boost entrepreneurship, and promote organic farming.
Objective:
