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"True democracy cannot be worked by twenty men sitting at the centre. It has to be worked from below by the people of every village.”

- Mahatma Gandhi -

Panchayatiraj


ABOUT

The Gram Sabha is conceived as the basis of the Panchayat Raj System to execute functions and powers linked to local governance in the 73rd Amendment, which acknowledges and reemphasizes the village as a unit of administration and political decision-making. A list of issues to be placed under the jurisdiction of Panchayats was also given. Land improvement, land consolidation, soil conservation, water management, social forestry, minor forest produce, non-conventional energy sources, sanitation, and asset maintenance are among the 29 subjects mentioned in the Eleventh Schedule related to the environment and sustainability. Governments worldwide are working to make the villages more climate-resilient, focusing on the villages as the production unit to produce more food and other agricultural products sustainably while improving resistance to extreme weather events occurring to climate change.

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Major Extreme Weather Events Occurred in Uttar Pradesh Villages

Climate change has resulted in the increase in frequency of extreme weather events worldwide. Villages are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events, owing to ineffective early warning systems and weather predictions. Extreme weather events have negatively impacted both human life, agricultural produce and village infrastructure making the villages unsustainable cultivation and human habitation. The temperature rise due to global warming has also led to numerous viral and bacterial infectious illnesses, further resulting in the loss of life and property.

Extreme weather events recorded in U.P includes:

  • Rainfall
  • Drought
  • Thunderstorms
  • heat waves
  • Cold waves
  • Temperature extremes

Climate-resilient Villages

In collaboration with various stakeholders, governments across the world are working to strengthen panchayat raj to create climate-resilient villages. The Government of India has adopted the concept of climate resilient village to provide stability to farm productivity and household incomes, as well as resilience through livelihood diversification in the face of extreme climatic events such as droughts, cyclones, floods, hailstorms, heat waves, frost, and seawater inundation. Development of climate-resilient village mandates establishment of a host of enabling mechanisms to mobilise and empower communities in the decision-making process to manage and recover from climate risks.

A climate-resilient village comprises the following practices at the panchayat level: human capital development through various seminars and programmes

  • Agro-advisories, improved agricultural management
  • Conservation of natural resources, and livestock production
  • Integrated farming
  • Adapting to weather anomalies and severe occurrences
  • Food safety in the home and village
  • Sustainable development
  • Climate change mitigation.
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Mahatma Gandhi Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA):

With a strong emphasis on local government, the MGNREGA makes choices on the type and location of employment. Each worksite selection is made in open assemblies of the Gram Sabha and endorsed by the Gram Panchayat. The majority of the projects are connected to water conservation, drought resistance, and land development, all of which have a direct impact on lowering vulnerability to climate change. In numerous MGNREGA impact studies across India, the influence of grassroot planning, implementation, and use is apparent in terms of improved groundwater recharge, greater forest covering, and increased land productivity.

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojna (PMUY):

People in rural India are reliant on unclean cooking fuels such as firewood, coal, and dung-cakes, which has resulted in indoor pollution and a variety of respiratory diseases. PMUY was launched to provide LPG connections with the goal of providing clean-looking fuel, particularly to BPL households, and promoting the cleanliness and purity of the environment.

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin):

SBM-G was launched to improve living in rural areas and encourage communities and Panchayati Raj organizations to provide sustainable sanitation facilities through public awareness and health education. SBM-G also focused on promoting inexpensive and appropriate technology for environmentally safe and long-term hygiene. SBM-G also concentrated on developing community-managed environmental hygiene practises for full hygiene in rural regions, emphasizing solid and liquid waste management.

Kususm Yojana:

The government has launched the Kusum Solar Pump Distribution Scheme, under which solar energy power pumps would be given to farmers. The primary goal of the government in implementing the Kusum plan is to power 30 million diesel-powered pumps in the country with solar energy by 2022, therefore reducing the use of fuel and electricity and increasing the usage of solar energy. Solar panels may be encouraged to safeguard the source of electricity. Farmers will utilise energy for irrigation and sell the remaining electricity to the grid to make money under the Kusum plan.

Sector-wise funds allocated to Gram Panchayats of Uttar Pradesh

S.No. Sector Name GP Count Total Works Approved Cost of Approved Works (in Cr.) Total Works Initiated Cost of Initiated Works (in Cr.)
1. Agriculture 3263 4607 162.45 303 10.86
2. Land improvement 6767 12420 339.68 779 32.04
3. Water Conservation 5515 11726 194.40 1178 30.54
4. Animal husbandry 2395 4326 94.30 430 13.44
5. Fisheries 798 1129 71.47 81 1.96
6. Social forestry and farm forestry 8034 9454 117.83 362 6.36
7. Minor forest produce 144 172 24.35 10 0.16
8. Small-scale industries 226 564 25.73 70 3.15
9. Khadi 58 95 2.33 5 0.19
10. Rural housing 10425 27555 991.46 3295 164.51
11. Drinking water 57542 452274 8,582.60 74238 1,371.71
12. Fuel and fodder 91 109 10.71 12 0.19
13. Roads 48758 727197 13,985.17 36504 1,116.79
14. Rural electrification 24327 56073 899.72 3650 95.98
15. Non-conventional energy sources 163 310 27.28 33 0.97
16. Poverty allevation programme 146 177 2.32 20 0.81
17. Education 38067 154916 3,465.29 15766 512.53
18. Technical training and vocational education 153 259 5.02 35 1.43
19. Adult and non-formal education 877 2057 62.06 249 7.83
20. Libraries 292 342 3.60 33 0.36
21. Cultural activities 4011 12736 177.15 1160 39.23
22. Markets and fairs 605 1112 28.94 123 3.66
23. Family welfare 1021 1382 39.94 151 6.55
24. Women and child development 3431 5299 96.10 340 15.21
25. Social welfare 7898 27406 629.46 2353 133.81
26. Welfare of the weaker sections 146 315 17.67 20 0.88
27. Public distribution system 1520 3857 54.63 436 17.99
28. Maintenance of community system 24616 89287 2,723.55 10022 407.18
29. Tribal Welfare 37 39 0.43 16 0.12
30. Administrative & Technical Support 56094 298844 6,521.52 64782 1,241.87
31. GP Office Infrastructure 6833 13516 434.99 1993 106.37
32. Health 9139 19579 446.30 2013 67.14
33. Sanitation 57090 587921 12,569.84 63156 1,676.86
Total Count 2527055 52,808.29 283618 7,088.68
[Source:gpdp.nic.in/]
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